As early as 1893, citizens of a depression-struck Detroit were asked to use any vacant lots to grow vegetables. The idea of supplemental food production beyond our rural farming operations and extensive long distant imports is not new, and has actually come in handy during war times and the Great Depression when food shortage issues arose. The grass roots permaculture movement has been hugely influential in the renaissance of urban agriculture throughout the world. A community gardening program that is well-established is Seattle's P-Patch. Community gardening in most communities are open to the public and provide space for citizens to cultivate plants for food or recreation. This effort was undertaken by citizens to reduce pressure on food production that was to support the war effort. Victory gardens sprouted during WWI, WWII and were fruit, vegetable, and herb gardens in US, Canada, and UK. Allotment gardens came up in Germany in the early 19th century as a response to poverty and food insecurity. In Machu Picchu water was conserved and reused as part of the stepped architecture of the city and vegetable beds were designed to gather sun in order to prolong the growing season. (June 2011)Ĭommunity wastes were used in ancient Egypt to feed urban farming. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification. From historic models such as Machu Picchu to designs for new productive city farms, the idea of locating agriculture in or around the city takes on many characteristics. The recognition of environmental degradation within cities through the relocation of resources to serve urban populations has inspired the implementation of different schemes of urban agriculture across the developed and developing world.
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The term, "Bagriculture", was coined in 1998 by Los Angeles animator and amateur archaeologist, Rudy Zappa Martinez, to describe this type of agriculture. The bags themselves are made from a variety of materials, canvas, weed barrier fabric, polyester, but all having a semi-porus properties so the soil can drain adequately. Also, many types of hanging bags are available to plant, expanding the area available for planting. Many apartment dwellers with no yards to speak of, or people with very small yards will set up these bags on a balcony or thin strip of land. Another aspect of urban farming, especially in densly populated America cities is the use of grow-bags to raise a wide range of crops. Because urban agriculture promotes energy-saving local food production, urban and peri-urban agriculture are generally seen as sustainable agriculture. A common and efficient form of urban agriculture is the biointensive method. Urban agriculture contributes to food security and food safety in two ways: first, it increases the amount of food available to people living in cities, and, second, it allows fresh vegetables and fruits and meat products to be made available to urban consumers.
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Urban farming is generally practiced for income-earning or food-producing activities, though in some communities the main impetus is recreation and relaxation.
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These activities also occur in peri-urban areas as well. Urban agriculture in addition can also involve animal husbandry, aquaculture, agroforestry and horticulture. Urban agriculture is the practice of cultivating, processing and distributing food in, or around, a village, town or city.